Deep foundations derive structural loads of additional vertical elements deeper into the earth to remove this there. A deep foundation is necessary if the near-surface layers are not sound enough.
As shoring are structural measures and facilities for supporting and securing trench, pit, shaft and tunnel walls and stud walls and ceilings in the area of excavation, referred to in civil engineering, tunneling, water and mining.
A diaphragm wall is a protective wall of in-situ concrete or liner constructed in sections in a floor trench that is secured from collapse by a support fluid.
The jet grouting method is a form of subsoil injection for creating cement-soil mixture bodies in the ground. Here, the existing soil is mixed under high pressure with a cementitious binder suspension.
A retaining wall is a component for securing a (mostly artificial) terrain jump, for example, an excavation. A retaining wall can also be a barrier within the soil.
Injections are used in civil engineering for the introduction of suspensions (water with hydraulic binder and possibly aggregates) and solutions (softgel silicate gel) into the ground.
